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OTHER BOOKS BY 
WALTER CAMP 

AUCTION BRIDGE DONTS 

NET 50 CENTS 

"It is Auction Bridge in a nutshell, and 
will appeal to any player." 

— San Francisco Chronicle. 

" Mr. Camp is an unquestioned authority, 
and this little book is planned to meet the 
requirements of the busy man." 

— Baltimore American. 



BRIDGE DONTS 

NET 50 CENTS 

A condensation of the salient features of 
Bridge arranged for ready reference by the 
practical player. 



AUCTION 
UP-TO-DATE 

INCLUDING NULLOS 



SYSTEMS FOR THE 
PRACTICAL PLAYER 



BYd-o^^^^*^ 



View l^orft 
THE PLATT & PECK CO. 



•Cas 



Copyright, 19 13, by 
THE PLATT & PECK COMPANY 



DEC 27 1913 



^a3i.A361329 



To 

M. C. S. 

A Good NuUo Partner 



PREFACE 

Since the publication of " Bridge 
Don'ts " and " Auction Bridge 
Don'ts " so many requests have been 
received for a similar condensation 
of the best methods of up-to-date bid- 
ding and playing of Auction hands 
that the publication of this volume 
has naturally followed. In it will be 
found a larger range of the most im- 
proved systems, including Nullo 
bids, in, however, a form that enables 
the reader to acquire at a glance the 
salient points. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

General Brief Synopsis 9 

Preliminary Cautions 15 

Nullos 19 

Standard Declarations 

Dealer's Declarations 32 

Second Hand Declarations 39 

Third Hand Declarations 44 

Fourth Hand Declarations. 48 

Advantageous Score Points 51 

Doubling 53 

Leads 56 

Play and Finesse 60 

Other Methods of Declaration 

Transfer Bids 63 

One Trick Bid 67 

Black Suits Stopped 69 

Two Suits Stopped 69 

General Cautions and Suggestions 70 

Rules and Penalties 75 

Glossary 81 

Table of Penalties 86 

Table of Honors and Trick Values 89 



GENERAL BRIEF SYNOPSIS 

The general rules of Bridge gov- 
ern. 

The dealer has first declaration. 
He declares the number he guaran- 
tees to win in odd tricks, that is tricks 
over his book of six, naming his 
trump or no trump. In nullos he de- 
clares the number of odd tricks he 
will force his opponents to take. 
The other three hands, passing to the 
left, are privileged to over bid. 

*The bids count according to 
their value : 



* For honor counts see table at end of book. 



10 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

No Trumps 10 

Nullos 10 

Royal Spades or Lilies 9 

Hearts 8 

Diamonds 7 

Clubs 6 

Spades 2 

A bid of a lower suit totaling in 
value the same as the higher suit has 
the preference ; that is, 4 spades will 
beat 1 heart; 4 clubs will beat 3 
hearts. A bid of nullos is beaten by 
an equal value call in any other suit 
or no trumps. 

If the player other than the dealer 
does not care to make a higher dec- 
laration he passes. A player may over 
bid his opponent's declaration and 
may also over bid his partner's dec- 
laration, but he cannot over bid his 



GENERAL BRIEF SYNOPSIS 11 

own declaration which has been 
passed by the three other players. 

When the last declaration has been 
passed by the three other players the 
player who has first made such dec- 
laration shall play the combined 
hands of himself and partner, the 
latter becoming dummy. 

When the declarer wins at least 
as many odd tricks as he promises, 
or in nullos when he has forced his 
adversaries to take as many odd 
tricks as his bid called for, he scores 
the full value of these tricks and for 
any in excess. When he fails, his ad- 
versaries score in the honor column 
50 points for each trick short of the 
declared number; if the declaration 
has been doubled or redoubled 100 



12 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

or 200 respectively for each trick. 

In case of failure to take the re- 
quired number of tricks, or in nuUos 
to force the adversaries to take the 
required number, neither the de- 
clarer nor his opponents score any- 
thing below the line. The loss on 
the declaration of 1 spade, however, 
is limited to 100 points whether 
doubled or not, but if redoubled 
there is no limit. 

If a player declares out of turn 
either adversary may demand a new 
deal or allow the declaration to 
stand. If a player declares an in- 
sufficient number of tricks to over 
bid he is considered to have declared 
the requisite number of tricks pro- 
vided either adversary calls atten- 
tion to the insufficiency. 



GENERAL BRIEF SYNOPSIS 13 

Any declaration may be doubled 
once but no more; nor can a player 
double his partner's declaration nor 
redouble his partner's double. He 
may, however, redouble a declara- 
tion of his partner which has been 
doubled by an adversary. 

Doubling or redoubling reopens 
the bidding. 

When a declaration has been 
doubled, if the declarer makes good 
he scores a bonus of 50 points for 
taking the number of tricks declared, 
or in nullos for forcing his adversary 
to take the tricks, and SO points for 
each additional trick he may win. 
If redoubled the bonus is doubled. 

When a declarer revokes his ad- 
versaries take ISO in the honor col- 
umn in addition to any penalty the 



14 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

declarer may have incurred for fail- 
ure to make good his declaration. 

If either of the adversaries revoke 
the declarer has his choice of adding 
150 points to his honor score or tak- 
ing three tricks from his opponents, 
or in nullos of adding three of his 
tricks to those of his opponents. 
Such tricks may assist him to make 
good his declaration, but not to score 
any bonus in the honor column if the 
declaration has been doubled or re- 
doubled. 

When more than one revoke is 
made during the play of a hand the 
penalty for each revoke after the first 
is 100 in the honor score. A revok- 
ing side cannot score except for 
honors or chicane. 



PRELIMINARY CAUTIONS 

A good auction player will always 
bear in mind the fact that there are 
certain things which detract from 
the pleasure of the players. Among 
these are delaying on declaration, 
adding explanations and finding 
fault with the cards. It may not be 
possible for everyone to play good 
auction, but it is possible for anyone 
to play auction in good form. 

While the hand is being dealt, 
note the score and remember that 
your bid is dependent upon this score 
as to whether you desire to win the 
game, save the game, or defeat the 
contract of the opponents. 

15 



16 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

A few Other preliminary cautions 
are worth consideration, namely that 
more games are lost by bad makes 
than by poor play, and only one hand 
in twenty-five can take the odd un- 
assisted, and it does not pay to take 
big chances when a game in, and one 
of the most common mistakes of auc- 
tion is to take an undue risk when 
cards have been running against you 
simply because your hand looks 
better than those you have been 
holding. 

Good form demands that you 
should observe the following eti- 
quette of the game: 

Cut toward the dealer, but do not 
complete the cut. 

Don't ask the score after the hands 
are dealt. 



PRELIMINARY CAUTIONS 17 

Keep the score sheet where all can 
see it. 

It is the duty of the dealer's part- 
ner to collect the cards from the pre- 
ceding deal and shufHe them first. 

Each player has the right to shuffle 
consecutively and the dealer has the 
right to shuffle last. 

When you have shuffled, place the 
cards, face-down, at the left of the 
player whose deal comes next. 

Make up your book correctly — 
that is, when playing against the de- 
clarer, close the book when it is nec- 
essary for him to take all the re- 
maining tricks. 

If you have any special or unusual 
methods of declaration or conven- 
tions with your partner, state them 
openly before the game begins. 



18 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Place dummy's trumps on the 
right and alternate the red and black 
suits. 

Don't demand the placing of the 
cards in order to call your partner's 
attention to any card or play. 

Avoid all mannerisms like snap- 
ping the cards down. 

Never play a card with such em- 
phasis as to draw attention to it. 

Don't take one card from your 
hand and then play another. 

Don't incur a penalty intentionally 
or make a second revoke to conceal 
the first. 

Avoid discussions. 

Don't, as dummy, leave your seat 
to watch your partner play. 

Don't look at any of your cards 
until the deal is completed. 



NULLOS 

The latest development in Auction 
Bridge is an extra bid called " Nul- 
los." Nullo is the reverse of No 
Trumps — that is, there is no trump 
suit, and the object is to take as few- 
tricks as possible instead of as many 
as possible. A player who bids one 
Nullo contends that his adversaries 
will have to take the odd trick. If 
he bids two Nullos, he states that he 
will make them take two odd tricks, 
and so on. At first, like every inno- 
vation, notably the introduction of 
Royals, and the change in count, 
Nullos were objected to very strong- 
ly. It has come to be an admitted fact, 



20 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

however, that the addition of the 
Nullo bid renders the skill and mem- 
ory of the expert more effective and 
leaves somewhat less to chance. 
Everyone knows, as the saying is, 
that " the cards cannot be beaten; " 
that is, a run of luck may go so strong- 
ly one way as to result in the victory 
of poor players, time after time. The 
introduction of Nullos does not pre- 
vent this, but it certainly does in- 
crease the skill of the game and of- 
fers a premium to the best player. 
One other excellent thing about the 
bid of Nullos is that its introduction 
prevents the chronic complainer, 
with whom all auction players are 
familiar, from making such constant 
statements about " nothing in his 
hand." It tends to take away his last 



NULLOS 21 

prop, for although a poor hand may 
not by any means be a Nullo hand, 
low hands have an opportunity of 
bidding. One other point before 
taking up the science of bidding in 
Nullos, and that is that it is not ad- 
visable for people who have busy, 
strenuous days to look forward to 
two or three rubbers of auction in 
the evening as a rest and relaxation, 
if Nullos are played, unless they are 
naturally expert card players. The 
average ordinary auction player, 
who has a night or two a week, unless 
he is naturally a good card player, 
will find that the tax mentally in re- 
membering the cards and placing the 
leads in Nullos is considerably great- 
er than in the old auction. 

The science of bidding in Nullos 



22 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

has not been nearly as much devel- 
oped as in the other bids. This is 
only natural on account of the new- 
ness of its introduction. A bidder 
should bear in mind in NuUos that 
the cards of value are the 2's, 3's and 
4's — that is, the cards below the 6's — 
and the dangerous cards are the ones 
from the 7 up. A hand may not be 
a bad Nullo hand even though it 
holds 4 Aces, if it has 2's and 3's, for 
in Nullos it is often advisable to take 
the lead ; but it is equally, if not more 
advisable, to be able to play under. 
The hands with Jack, 10, 9 and 8 
in a suit, or cards of that character, 
are the bad hands to hold at Auction 
when Nullos are being bid, because 
they are not good enough to be ef- 



NULLOS 23 

fective in suit or no trump, and they 
are terribly dangerous in a Nullo 
bid. 

In looking over a hand at Nullos, 
the first consideration is what they 
are to count, for they have been 
played at 6, 8 and 10, and no final 
authority has yet been given to any 
one of these counts. In all cases, 
however, while they count the same 
number, as, for instance, clubs, hearts 
and no trumps, they do not over bid 
these calls, but these calls over bid 
them. It is easily seen and readily 
appreciated that when Nullos count 
10 a trick they are much more for- 
midable than at the lower counts be- 
cause it takes only 3 to go game. At 
6 a trick they do not receive anything 
like the same consideration. The 



24 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

generally accepted count at this writ- 
ing is 10 and we assume this will be 
finally adopted, although 8 is also 
used and aces counted for hand not 
holding them. 

Probably the best principle of bid- 
ding or inviting a NuUo bid is 
worked out from the system of bids 
in ordinary Auction showing length 
and weakness. If a player, for in- 
stance, holds a suit which is long and 
weak enough to be a good part of a 
NuUo, he bids 2 tricks in it. This 
has also been expanded, and well ex- 
panded, among expert players to a 
bid of 3 tricks when the player has 
2 long and weak suits instead of 1. 
His bid of 3 is then made on the 
weaker suit. Thus, when one hears 
the partner open with 3 diamonds. 



NULLOS 25 

he knows that he has 2 long, weak 
suits in the hand, one of which is 
diamonds and the other is a suit 
higher than diamonds. This is a 
pretty good indication of how the bid 
should go, and if the third hand has 
an impossible hand at Nullos, he 
will take advantage of the knowl- 
edge of what the dealer's bid has told 
him relating to his hand and bid ac- 
cordingly. 

As already stated, Nullos, as an 
addition to Auction, are in their in- 
fancy as yet, and while systems may 
be developing, it is the part of wis- 
dom for those who are beginning to 
play to go slowly and study hard on 
each hand that is played, either by 
themselves or by their opponents on 
this bid. It is, however, possible to 



26 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

give certain suggestions which may 
aid the beginners in this line. 

The first is as to an original bid 
of a Nullo by the dealer. When he 
looks over his hand and finds that it 
is a hand that would necessitate a 
spade bid in the game when Nullos 
were not enforced, he should not im- 
mediately conclude from that that 
this is his opportunity to bid a Nullo. 
In fact an original bid by dealer of a 
Nullo should be undertaken with ex- 
treme caution. Many a hand can be 
laid down which is distinctly a spade 
bid, but which would, by no means, 
be a valuable hand at Nullos. The 
prime thing to remember at the start, 
and always, is that Nullos is a game 
of deuces and treys. A long suit, 
however, provided that it has two or 



NULLOS 27 

three small cards in it, is far from 
being a disadvantage at Nullos. A 
4-card suit of, we will say, Queen, 
Jack, 10, 9, is a bad handicap under 
Nullos, and, if it happens to become 
an exposed hand, is a very serious 
feature; whereas an Ace, 4, 3, 2 suit 
is a very comfortable thing for the 
Nullo player to see. It should be 
borne in mind that the third hand 
has the most advantageous position 
for a Nullo bid, especially if his 
partner has started with a spade. 
Another position that often invites a 
Nullo is where the partner is long in 
the suit bid, but has the small cards 
of it, for the combined length of the 
suit means shortage in other suits 
where discards can be made and the 
lead ducked with the low cards. 



28 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Another point to be borne in mind 
is the play of what are called " inte- 
rior cards " — that is, holding a 
Queen, 9, 2, the 9 is an interior card. 
Many references will be found in the 
further development of Nullos to the 
play or lead of what are called inte- 
rior cards. The play or lead of the 9 
will enable the one holding the 
Queen and 2 spot to probably take or 
lose the next lead of that suit at will. 

Altogether, with the suggestion 
made earlier in this chapter relative 
to two and three trick bids, the 
amount of information given by one 
partner to another is dependent, at 
any rate at this stage in the play, 
more upon inference and intuition 
than upon the conveying of definite 
information, such as has already 



NULLOS 29 

been worked out in the suit and No 
Trump bids. 

Perhaps the easiest way for a play- 
er, who is inexperienced at Nullos, 
to straighten out his ideas upon it, is 
to fix firmly in his mind the fact that 
to bid Nullos does not necessarily 
mean that the top cards are not in the 
hand but to reverse his ideas so that 
when he is looking through his hand 
as to the possibility of a Nullo, he re- 
gards the " good " cards as the 2 
spots, 3^s, 4's and S's and that he re- 
gards the poor cards the honors, and 
that he regards as intermediate, but 
somewhat dangerous, the cards from 
the 6 to the 10 spot. Now the best 
Nullo hand is one in which the suits 
are guarded by the above mentioned 
low cards ; that is, all the suits, or at 



30 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

least all but one suit. Singletons are 
great help to Nullos and, of course, 
none of a suit is still greater help be- 
cause it offers a possibility of discard- 
ing the high cards of other suits. 
The worst possible combination in 
a hand for a Nullo bid is anything 
like a solid section of a suit even 
though it may be only the Jack, 10, 9, 
8, which has not two or three low 
cards with them. This is particu- 
larly true when the hand goes down 
as a dummy, for it continually invites 
the lead of the opponents to certain 
tricks for the holder. Probably the 
hardest proposition that concerns the 
player of Nullos is to have the part- 
ner bid a Nullo and have in the hand 
two or three suits of this nature, be- 
cause it gives no opportunity of tak- 



NULLOS 31 

ing a partner out and yet is a terrible 
handicap when the hand goes down. 
One caution, however, should be of- 
fered to the partner of the Nullo bid- 
der, and that is, " Don't take too 
reckless a chance in taking a partner 
out of a Nullo." Remember it may 
even increase the loss. There is al- 
ways a hope that the opponents may 
take him out, and even if left in, un- 
less the probable dummy has a 
chance to make an odd trick and 
something else, it is better to let the 
bid stand rather than carry up to 2, 
doubling the penalty and even quad- 
rupling it in case the bid is doubled. 
The early tendencies of those who 
take up NuUos are distinctly towards 
over-bidding the hands, and this 
should be constantly fought against. 



STANDARD DECLARATIONS 

DEALER'S DECLARATIONS 

First Considerations 

Keep the advantage which always 
rests with the dealer if the hand con- 
tains any make other than a spade. 

This advantage passes to second 
hand if you make a spade. 

No trump is the most advantage- 
ous bid because: 

Anyone else who wishes to bid 
after that must bid two tricks. 

It takes but three tricks to win 
game. 

It shuts out one no trump or one 
nullo by opponents. 



DEALER'S DECLARATIONS 33 

The advantage is with the hand 
that plays dummy. 

It forces opponents to bid of two 
tricks even to show their suit. 

It is rarely doubled. 

If it fails the loss is no greater than 
on any other one call make. 

The best bid after no trumps is to 
suggest no trump. 

The next best is long suit or nullo 
sufficient to declare with strength 
enough to win game on the ordinary 
assistance from partner. 

After that a suit worth showing to 
help partner as far as possible to no 
trump or a bid inviting nullos. 

Always ask yourself " Is the hand 
strong enough in one or more suits to 
justify a bid indicative of no trump 
assistance?" Then, ^' Is it a good 
aid to a nullo? " 



34 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

No Trump 

Declare one no trump if you have: 

A hand slightly better than aver- 
age; 

A solid 5-card club or diamond 
suit and an outside ace; 

Three king suits or three suits 
stopped and one outside ace; 

Four suits stopped. 

(The suit is stopped so far as the 
declarer is concerned if he holds the 
ace, the king and 2 others, the queen 
and 3 others, the queen, knave and 1 
other, the knave and 4 others, or the 
knave, 10 and 2.) 

Declare Two No Trumps 

When absolutely essential to shut 
out other bids. 



DEALER'S DECLARATIONS 35 

(Bear in mind, however, that it is 
likely to effectually prevent your 
partner from taking you out or giv- 
ing you any information.) 

Also remember that it takes only 
one more to go game in royals or in 
hearts than in no trumps. 
Nullo 

Declare one nullo on a hand that 
cannot well assist partner even 
though it has a few high cards in it, 
provided it has also a sprinkling of 
two and three spots. 

Declare two of a suit if long and 
weak in it and hand would be good 
aid to a nullo. Holding two such 
suits with the low cards of them de- 
clare three of the weaker suit. It is 
doubtful policy to do this on the high 
suits. Best on clubs. 



36 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Suit Bids 

Bid: 

1st. Royal or hearts if willing to 
play them. 

2nd. Clubs or diamonds to indi- 
cate strength and no trump assist- 
ance. 

3rd. Suit to indicate partner's 
lead against no trumps. 

Don't bid a suit other than spades 
without length. 

Avoid royals unless hand holds 
five tricks (or looks unusually good 
with four tricks), as it rather dis- 
courages partner's no trump. The 
same is true of hearts. In fact, hearts 
and royals are to be regarded prac- 
tically alike in this chapter. 

Don't bid royals with less than 
four sure tricks, but declare them 



DEALER'S DECLARATIONS 37 

with length alone if you have high 
card strength outside or long side 
suit. 

Bid two royals to indicate the hand 
is useless unless played at royals. 

A diamond bid must have length 
as well as strength. (Hand should 
be worth at least five tricks. It is an 
invitation to no trumps.) 

Bid a club only with strength and 
as assistance to no trumps. 

A bid of one spade is always 
proper on a weak hand unless it has 
deuces and treys enough to warrant 
a nullo. 

You may declare suit if five in the 
suit and the hand contains two high 
card tricks, one of them in the suit 
named. 

Declare with four in suit, three 



38 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

good honors and another ace or king 
and queen. 

Bid three in a suit only as a shut- 
out measure, except as a nullo con- 
vention. (See chapter on nullos.) 

If using the high spade bids they 
mean the following to partner: 

One spade is equivalent to pass 
and also suggests not in itself partic- 
ularly fitted to a nullo, else would de- 
clare nullo. 

Two spade bids invite royal or no 
trump and says hand has strength (3 
sure tricks, 1 of them in spades) for 
royals, but not the length. 

Three spades says length and 
weakness in the heart suit. Usually 
some outside support. 

Four spades says length and weak- 



SECOND HAND DECLARATIONS 39 

ness in the spade suit. Usually some 
outside support. 

Five spades says willing to play 
the hand at either royals or hearts, 
but not at no trumps. 

Six spades says willing to play at 
hearts or no trumps, but not at royals. 

Seven spades says willing to play 
at royals or no trumps, but not at 
hearts. 

SECOND HAND DECLARATIONS 
Forced Bids 

Bid seldom unless there is some 
probability of carrying out the con- 
tract, and remember the bid no 
longer indicates the top cards, as 
would an original declaration. 

Show your suit after a two-spade 
bid if it is necessary that your part- 
ner should lead it to you. Now is the 



40 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

time to bid it, as third hand is proba- 
bly going to no 'trumps. 

Speak up, if justified, after a three- 
spade bid. Knowing that third hand 
will probably declare royal, you 
must do it on the first round or there- 
after you will have to bid two. 

Never bid (except to the score) a 
no trump against a declared suit un- 
less that suit is safely stopped and 
there are six sure tricks in your hand. 

Bid if possible against a no trump 
declaration when the adverse score is 
20 or more, and there is danger in 
allowing adversaries to play the 
hand. The worst danger of second 
hand bids when forced is that the 
partner may carry the bid up ; hence 
usually pass. 



SECOND HAND DECLARATIONS 41 

Double only when prepared to 
double any two-trick bid. 

Bid two no trumps when the op- 
ponents are 20 or more on the rub- 
ber game, or when both sides are 10 
on the rubber game, if you have a 
hand that gives you fair justification. 

Over-call no trumps only when 
you: 

Have a fair chance to defeat an 
increased call, or. 

Are reasonably sure to fulfill the 
contract, or, 

Are willing to sacriiSce a limited 
number of points to save the game. 

It gives third hand a good chance 
to set you and also your bid may let 
opponents shift to a game make in 
some suit. 



42 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Indicate spade strength at every 
opportunity, and usually indicate 
club or diamond strength on the first 
round rather than wait, as the bid 
will be too high for you if it comes 
around again. 

If the dealer has made a bid which 
is fairly sure to invite the third hand 
to make no trump, be sure to show 
your strong suit if essential to have 
it led to you. 
When Bid Is Not Forced 

If dealer has said one spade, the 
second hand has a fair assumption 
that he will get another chance at the 
make if he passes, while if the dealer 
declares anything else, the second 
hand will probably have to show his 
strength the first time around or lose 
his chance. 



SECOND HAND DECLARATIONS 43 

As second hand bid only: 

If you have a chance for the game ; 

If you need to show partner what 
to lead to a no trump by third hand; 

If you have an original fair no 
trump. 

Do not bid when weak in any suit. 

Double a spade bid with short 
high honors and one outside trick, or 
with the ace of spades and two out- 
side tricks. 

A double shows you have not four 
spades, but have the above. 

Bid two spades if you have four 
spades and the same above honors 
and outside tricks, but not three suits 
stopped. 

If you have the above and three 
suits stopped, bid no trump. 

If you have the above cards and 



44 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

more than four spades, bid a royal. 

With- five or more without the ace 

and usually without the king, but 

with side strength, bid three spades. 

THIRD HAND DECLARATIONS 

See Chapter on Nullos for Invitation 
Bids 

If dealer has bid one club or one 
diamond, over bid it in order to go 
game. If there is a chance to go 
game, in the suit already called, best 
bid it up, going to two or even three. 

Don't change a heart or a royal 
unless really necessary. 

If the dealer has bid two royals, 
he says in loud tones, " Let this 
alone." 

If dealer has bid no trumps, over 



THIRD HAND DECLARATIONS 45 

bid it only if game is better assured 
with your suit call. 

Over bid no trumps by dealer if 
you have a long weak suit and abso- 
lutely no strength. Here the call is 
two, but with strength the call is 
three, and then the dealer himself 
may decide whether to go back to 
his no trump or not. 

Over bid dealer's no trump with 
two no trumps if your hand is strong 
enough to carry him up to two no 
trumps in case his one is over-called. 

When the second hand has over 
bid no trump by dealer don't carry 
him up unless you have the suit 
stopped and one outside trick. 

If the dealer's call of no trump 
has been over-called by second hand 
and you have not the suit bid by 



46 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

second hand stopped, but have a 
solid club suit, bid three clubs. 

When the dealer has declared one 
spade and second hand has made 
such a declaration that the third 
knows the fourth is likely to go no 
trumps, declare suit for partner to 
lead if essential to stop game. 

If dealer has declared one club, 
indicate strong heart or spade suit. 
Go one trump on any well protected 
hand. 

Bid one no trump to dealer's call 
of one diamond if strong in clubs and 
in either spades or hearts. If weak 
in diamonds and strong in clubs, over 
bid with two clubs. 

If dealer declares royal or hearts, 
don't take him out without special 
reason. 



THIRD HAND DECLARATIONS 47 

There is a difference between the 
second hand and the third hand on a 
spade declaration that has been 
passed. The second hand knows the 
dealer is weak and hence his partner 
has a little better chance to be strong. 

The third hand knows just the op- 
posite of this. Hence the third hand, 
to bid no trumps under this condi- 
tion, must have a stronger hand than 
usual. It is better usually to select 
a suit. 

Bid this suit if there is a chance 
to go game or essential to tell partner 
what to lead against no trumps by 
fourth hand. 

After a declaration by dealer and 
the second hand having passed, don't 
take partner out of a heart or royal 
except to show great weakness in the 



48 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

suit named and great length and 
honors in the suit substituted. 

When two spades have been de- 
clared by partner, and your hand is 
without a trick, bid one royal. If the 
hand has considerable spade strength 
it is well to bid two royals. 

When three spades have been de- 
clared by your partner, if your hand 
be without a trick, bid one nullo. If 
the hand has some strength in other 
suits, one royal. 

With great weakness in spades and 
great strength in some other suit, 
over bid the three spades with that 
suit. Otherwise not. 

FOURTH HAND DECLARATIONS 

Do not bid : 

1st. If the dealer has made a dec- 



FOURTH HAND DECLARATIONS 49 

laration, and opponents cannot go 
game, unless you can go game your- 
self. 

2nd. On dealer's declaration of 
one spade that has come around to 
you, unless you have a fair chance of 
going game. 

3rd. If second hand has declared 
clubs or diamonds, and your hand is 
so weak that no other declaration is 
reasonable. 

If your partner makes a two-spade 
or a three-spade declaration, do not 
let it stand. Failing any make of 
your own, call royals or nullos. 

Avoid bidding to declaration by 
third hand, others having passed, un- 
less you are pretty sure you can go 
game. 

When both the dealer and the 



50 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

third hand make declarations, take 
care; you are bidding with consid- 
erable risk. 



ADVANTAGEOUS SCORE 
POINTS 

At requires only 3 in no trumps 
or nullos. 

At 4 requires only 3 in royals. 

At 6 requires only 3 in hearts. 

At 9 requires only 3 in diamonds. 

At 10 requires only 2 in no trumps 
or nullos. 

At 12 requires only 2 in royals. 

At 14 requires only 2 in hearts. 

At 16 requires only 2 in diamonds. 

At 18 requires only 2 in clubs. 

At 20 requires only 1 in no trumps 
or nullos. 

At 21 requires only 1 in royals. 

At 22 requires only 1 in hearts. 



52 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

At 23 requires only 1 in diamonds. 
At 24 requires only 1 in clubs. 
At 28 requires only 1 in no trumps 
as well as anything else. 



DOUBLING 

A double in Auction is unlike a 
double in Bridge. In Auction it 
merely means a denial of the declar- 
er's ability to fulfill his contract. 

Don't double a one trick declara- 
tion (unless it is spades) except for 
information to partner. 

Avoid a risky double that will 
help opponents to go game — but take 
a chance when it is a free double; 
that is, would go game anyway with- 
out the double. 

Never double a high bid — three or 
more — without aces and kings. In 
nullos not without some low cards — 
twos or threes. 

53 



54 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Don't double if likely to let your 
opponents escape into a safer bid. 

Remember that a double locates 
the strong hand for your opponents. 

Doubling is always dependent 
upon the score. Don't double just to 
show your sand. 

Avoid doubling on right of maker 
unless very strong. 

Don't redouble unless odd in your 
hand. 

Never double on intuition. 

On partner's double in no trump 
lead your highest spade, i. e., failing 
any other information, unless you 
have a very strong suit of your own. 

Make regular Bridge leads on low 
bids without other information. 

On higher bids take your tricks at 
once — lead your aces and kings. 



DOUBLING 55 

Against no trump — failing other 
information — do not lead your red 
suits — start the black. 

Lead your own suit to partner's 
declaration, if it is good enough to 
open with an honor — if not open 
partner's suit with command or 
highest of two honors in sequence or 
highest of three or less; lowest of 
four or more. 



LEADS 

Without special information rate 
your leads as follows : 

1 — Ace King alone or with others. 
2 — King Queen alone or with 

others. 
3 — Singleton. 
4 — Queen Knave alone or with 

others. 
5 — Ace with three or more small, 

but not with Queen or Jack. 
6 — Knave Ten alone or with 

others. 
7 — Doubleton except King and 

one low or Ace Queen. 
8 — And (except No. 1) always 

lead the highest. With Ace 

King and others lead King; 



LEADS 57 

with Ace King alone, the 
Ace. Also lead Ace from 
Ace King and four others in 
no trumps. 

Avoid leading short suits with 
single high card. 

Never lead away from Ace in de- 
clared trump unless nothing better 
and not more than two others. In 
latter case, if you have to lead suit 
holding four or more of it, always 
lead Ace. 

Avoid leading suit with three or 
more and no honors. 

In opening lead against no trump, 
don't lead Ace of an Ace Queen Jack 
long suit unless you have re-entry. 
Send the Queen. 

Never clear your opponent's suit 
for him. 



58 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Lead your own suit, rather than 
through dummy, unless dummy 
holds a suit with 

King and others. 

Queen and others. 

Ace Queen alone or with others. 

King Jack alone or with others. 

Ace Jack alone or with others. 

Lead trumps to stop an indicated 
ruff. 

Send Jack from your Ace Jack 
or King Jack suit through a dummy 
Queen. 

Avoid leading a suit for partner 
to trump knowing he will be over- 
trumped. 

Remember your partner's lead. 

Don't return suit partner has led 
through dummy's weakness if you 
wish him to do it again. 



LEADS 59 

Avoid leading suit where your 
highest is over dummy's highest. 

Lead through strength or up to 
weakness. 

You need not return partner's lead 
in declared trump if there is a good 
chance to lead up to dummy's weak- 
ness. 

Return your highest to partner's 
suit in no trump if you hold less than 
four. 

Never stop leading your suit be- 
cause opponents hold the high card, 
provided you have re-entry. 



PLAY AND FINESSE 

Decide quickly, play promptly, 
don't delay the game. 

Avoid deceiving your partner or 
enlightening your opponents. 

Unblock for your partner. 

Never keep a high card of your 
partner's suit in your hand in no 
trumps after the first round, unless 
it is guarded by three. 

Never finesse your partner's lead 
except holding Ace and Jack while 
King or Queen lies guarded in 
dummy. 

Never finesse in no trumps when 
no score and you find you are sure 
only of five or sure only of seven or 



PLAY AND FINESSE 61 

sure only of nine. Take that fifth, 
seventh, or ninth trick first before 
you try your finesse. 

Never finesse in no trump any suit 
holding Ace King if your two hands 
show nine or more. 

Avoid a finesse that may lose to 
the established hand. 

Reserve your Ace in opponent's 
suit in no trumps when holding no 
other possible trick in that suit until 
his partner can no longer return it. 

In no trumps third hand plays sec- 
ond best when making no attempt to 
take trick. 

Watch opponent's discard. 

Keep count of trumps. 

Remember a touched card in 
dummy is regarded as played. 



62 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Insist upon paying every penalty 
you incur. 

Don't talk and don't explain. It 
is unnecessary. 



OTHER METHODS OF 
DECLARATION 

NOTE 

The standard declarations already 
described should be followed except 
on understanding both with partner 
and opponents. The ones described 
in the following pages, especially in 
" one trick bid," are, however, well 
worth knowing, and if tested out will 
prove effective. In fact, the stand- 
ard declarations already show the in- 
fluence of this method. 

Transfer Bids 

The following poem proved the 
first reaching out for something that 
should enable a hand not to abandon 



64 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

its make without a certain string tied 
to it and at the same time give the 
partner an opportunity to judge or 
to give information back that should 
be essentially valuable : 

AN AUCTION MAID'S PROMISE. 

{The Declarer) 
" Make me," she said, " A two Spade bid, 

If your Heart be sound and rare! 
Tell me the same with Diamond make 

' Without ' or a ' Lily ' fair! 

" Lacking all these, whisper to me 
The suit where you have one sure — 

I'll take command and name the bid, 
Or follow the enemy's lure. 

*' If not a trick is in your hand, 
Skulk close 'neath a single Spade ; 

And save me from ridiculous risk. 
And traps by opponents laid." 



TRANSFER BIDS 65 

(Third Hand) 
" And in return for these wise hints, 

When I hear two Spades will tell 
The suit with Ace, or King and Queen — 

On a ' Bust ' three Spades as well ! 

" When luck's against your two Spade bid 
From having no trick that's pat. 

But a six card set of suit that's red, 
I'll reply with two in that. 

" Now if you'll do just that for me, 

I will promise this to you, 
We'll partners be for now and aye, 

And bid in Life's Auction, too ! " 

The development along this line 
has recently been rapid. Whether it 
is wise or not is another question, but 
that a season of play may develop. 
The theory of these transfer bids is 
purely one of convention, as they are 
arbitrary, and unless the opponents 



66 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

know them they are, of course, mis- 
leading and unfair, but the opponents 
should be told before the rubber 
commences in case they are not in the 
way of playing in circles where these 
transfer bids are used. 

The Spade suit is the one made use 
of for this vehicle on account, nat- 
urally, of its low value. The whole 
system, as it is now worked out, is 
described in the accompanying table. 

1 Spade — Not 2 sure tricks in hand. 

Little use to a No 
Trumper. 

2 Spades — 3 sure tricks, one at least 

in the Spade suit. 
Enough to support a 

Royal or No Trump. 
Not long enough for 

original Royal. 



ONE TRICK BIDS 67 

3 Spades — Length and weakness in 

the Heart suit. 

4 Spades — Length and weakness in 

the Spade suit. 

5 Spades — Willing to play at either 

Royals or Hearts, but 
not No Trumps. 

6 Spades — Willing to play at Hearts 

or No Trumps, but not 
at Royals. 

7 Spades — Willing to play at Royals 

or No Trumps, but not 
Hearts. 
One Trick Bid System 

DECLARATION— DEALER 
Declare two spades with original 
good no trumper, royal or sound red 
make. 

Declare one spade with a "busted" 
hand. 



68 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

When holding neither good no 
trump, royal nor sound red make, 
but having a quick sure trick (Ace or 
both King and Queen) with fair out- 
side support, bid one in that suit. If 
it be a spade Ace or a spade King 
and Queen declare one royal. 



HAS PASSED 

Take the dealer out of two spades 
by calling the suit with one sure 
quick trick in it. If there is abso- 
lutely nothing in the hand then call 
three spades. If the sure trick is in 
spades bid one royal. 

If you have nothing in the hand, 
but six or seven inferior cards in dia- 
monds or hearts and no sure winning 
cards in any suit; in other words, a 



TWO SUITS STOPPED BIDS 69 

heart or a diamond " bust," then take 
the dealer out with a bid of two in 
the red suit. 

Black Suits Stopped System 

BLACK SUITS " NO TRUMP " CALL 

Another method is that in which 
the dealer, if strong in the two black 
suits, bids " no trumps " regardless 
of the red suits. His partner takes 
him out with a call of " two " in a 
red suit if he be long and weak in 
that suit. 

Two Suits Stopped 

Another method is to bid one club 
originally if you have both black 
suits stopped, one diamond if you 
have both red suits stopped. 



GENERAL CAUTIONS AND 
SUGGESTIONS 

Don't "keep the flag flying" at 
too great a risk. 

If you stop the opponents by over 
bidding your hand so that you are 
set much over 200, you run the 
chance of having no balance even 
with your 250 for the rubber. You 
are no nearer the rubber after this 
than before. 

Don't make the other mistake of 
letting them play the hand on a low 
bid and make the rubber when your 
hand justifies forcing them up to the 
danger point. 



GENERAL CAUTIONS 71 

Never waste a sure chance to set 
your opponents 200 or 300. Remem- 
ber you have a chance for the rubber 
in addition. 

On the other hand, never let a rea- 
sonable chance for the rubber game 
go by for the sake of setting op- 
ponents 50 or even 100. 

It does not pay to secure the play- 
ing of any hand that will not give 
you game, unless it be to stop op- 
ponents going game. 

Remember that aces and kings 
keep their value in all the shifting 
changes of bid. 

Never get so occupied in studying 
your own bid as not to get all possi- 
ble information from your oppon- 
ent's bid. 

Never be flustered by a double into 



72 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

shifting from what may be a sure 
thing into something unknown. 

It is better to err on side of con- 
servatism in advancing partner's bid. 

Don't risk over bidding your hand 
except on rubber game. 

Don't double recklessly. 

It is a little easier and safer to 
double a no trump than a suit call. 

It is better to take your rubber on 
the rubber game unless double is 
worth joOy while on a single game 
you can double for a 200 gain. 

The following information may be 
gleaned from the bids: 

Original one spade denies strong 
suit. 

Original one club shows strength 
in clubs and assistance to no trumps. 

Original two spades, clubs or dia- 



GENERAL CAUTIONS 73 

monds shows strong help for no 
trumps. 

A call of no trumps after an ad- 
verse bid of two, shows absolute pro- 
tection in the suit named. 

Second hand passing one spade 
indicates no strong long suit. 

When a player passes first and 
then -bids red or royal it shows 
length, not strength. 

A trick bid over a partner's no 
trump declaration shows worthless 
hand or safer chance to win at the 
score. 

A bid of no trumps over partner's 
heart or royal shows weak in the suit 
named, but protected in the three 
others. 

Refusal to support partner's bid 
usually indicates weakness. (Some- 



74 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

times, however, that he is pleased 
with the opponent's declaration.) 

A poor hand is always shown by 
player's refusal to bid no trumps on 
his partner's two spade or two club 
invitation. 

A no trump call over partner's one 
spade shows strong and well pro- 
tected hand. 

When both adversaries are bid- 
ding and partner has passed, it is 
dangerous to continue. 

When all four players are bidding 
or supporting it is an indication that 
the strength is divided. 



RULES AND PENALTIES 

A revoking side may not score " slam " or 
" little slam." 

An error in the honor score may be cor- 
rected at any time before the score of the rub- 
ber has been settled, but an error in a trick 
score may only be corrected prior to the con- 
clusion of the game in which it occurred, that 
conclusion being reached when a declaration 
has been made in the following game, or, if 
this be the final game, when the score has been 
made up and agreed upon. 

The Ace of Hearts is low in the cut, fol- 
lowed by diamond, club and spade. 

There must be a new deal if any card is 
faced; if the pack proves incorrect or imper- 
fect; if the dealer deals two cards at once and 
then deals a third before correcting the error; 
if the pack is not cut and either adversary calls 
attention to this before the completion of the 
75 



76 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

deal and before either adversary has looked at 
any card. 

Dealing out of turn must be corrected be- 
fore the last card is played ; otherwise the deal 
must stand. 

If a player make a declaration, or pass out 
of turn, either adversary may demand a new 
deal or allow the declaration to stand. 

If a player fail to declare a number of tricks 
sufficient to over bid the declaration he must 
make it the requisite number, provided either 
adversary call attention to the bid, but if 
either adversary passes, doubles or makes a 
higher declaration the offense is condoned. 

An insufficient declaration corrected to the 
requisite number prevents the partner of the 
erroneous declarer from making any further 
declaration unless his adversaries go higher or 
double. 

After a final declaration has been made a 
player may not give his partner any notion as 
to any previous declaration, but a player may 
inquire at any time what was the final dec- 
laration. 



RULES AND PENALTIES 11 

If a player double out of turn either ad- 
versary may demand a new deal. 

The Dummy, until his cards are exposed, 
has all the rights of a player, but after may 
take no part whatever except to ask the 
declarer whether he have any of a suit which 
he may have refused ; to call the declarer's at- 
tention to the fact that too many or too few 
cards have been played to a trick; to correct 
the claim of either adversary to a penalty; to 
call attention to the fact that a trick has been 
erroneously taken by the opponents; to par- 
ticipate in the discussion of any question of 
fact after it has arisen ; to correct an erroneous 
score. 

Should Dummy call attention to any other 
point in consequence through which a penalty 
might have been exacted, the declarer's privi- 
lege to exact the penalty is forfeited. 

If Dummy by touching a card, or otherwise 
suggest the play, either adversary may call 
upon the declarer to play or not play the card. 

Dummy is not liable for a revoke. If the 
error be not discovered until the trick is 



78 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

turned and quitted, the trick must stand. 

A card from the declarer's hand is not 
played until actually quitted, but if he only 
touch a card in dummy, such card is considered 
as played unless he says " I arrange." 

If any player exposes a card from his own 
hand before the declaration is finally deter- 
mined, the adversaries may demand a new 
deal. If the play be allowed to stand, how- 
ever, the card is not an exposed card. 

If any player lead before the final declara- 
tion, his partner may not make any further 
bid, and the declarer may call the lead from 
the adversary whose turn it is to lead. 

If after the final declaration the third hand 
exposes a card the declarer may, instead of 
calling the card, require the leader not to lead 
that suit. 

Any card mentioned by either adversary as 
being held by him or his partner becomes an 
exposed card. 

A card dropped on the floor or so held that 
an adversary, but not the partner, sees it is not 
an exposed card. 



RULES AND PENALTIES 79 

If a declarer lead out of turn either from his 
own hand or dummy he incurs no penalty, but 
may not rectify the error after the second hand 
is played. 

If a player be called on to lead a suit, hold- 
ing none of it, the penalty is paid. 

If any one except dummy play two or more 
cards to the same trick he is answerable for 
any subsequent revokes he may have made. 

If the declarer revokes, his adversaries add 
150 points in their honor column. 

If either adversary revokes, the declarer has 
the choice of adding 150 points to his honor 
score or taking three tricks from his opponents. 
Such tricks may aid in making good his dec- 
laration, but not the score in bonus in the 
honor column in the case of a double or re- 
double. 

When more than one revoke is made during 
the hand each revoke after the first counts 100 
in the honor column. 

The revoking side may not score except for 
honors in trumps or chicane. 

Partners may not consult as to enforcement 



80 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

of penalties. If they do consult the penalty 
is paid. 

No trick must be looked at after turned 
and quitted. Any player before the cards are 
touched to gather them together may demand 
the placing of the cards. 

If either of the adversaries before his part- 
ner has played calls attention to the trick, 
either by saying what it is, or without request 
by naming his card, the declarer may require 
partner to play his highest or lowest to win or 
lose the trick. 

When the declarer or his partner has in- 
curred a penalty the proper form is for one of 
the adversaries to say, " Partner, will you 
exact the penalty or shall I ? " But whether 
this is said or not, if either adversary name the 
penalty, that decision is final. 

If the wrong penalty be demanded none can 
be enforced. 

Unless a pack be imperfect no player may 
call for one new pack. There must always be 
two, and new cards must be called for before 
the pack be cut for the new deal. 



GLOSSARY 

Average Hand — One containing equivalent 

of Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten. 
Block — ^To hold a card that prevents the 

continuance of the lead of that suit. 
Bust or Busted Hand— Having no taking 

cards. 
Card of Re-entry — ^A winning card which 

will regain the lead. 
Called Lead — Opponent demanding suit be 

led as penalty. 
Chicane — ^A hand to which no trump has 

been dealt. 
Clear — ^To establish a suit.*- — ^ 
Command — Holding the best card or cards 

of a suit. 
Cross Ruff — Partners trumping different 

suits. 
Declaration — Naming the trump. 
Discard— Not to follow suit or trump. 

81 



82 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

DouBLETON — ^Two cards only of a suit. 
Ducking — Refusing to win a particular trick. 
Echo — Playing a higher card and then a 

lower one. 
Eldest Hand — ^The player at the Dealer's 

left. 
Eleven Rule — Deducting spots on card led 

from 1 1 the remainder shows number out 

higher than card led, not in leader's hand. 
Establish — To force out any high cards 

which obstruct the suit. 
Exposed Card — ^Any card which is shown, 

but not played. 
Exposed Hand — ^The hand of the Dummy. 
False Card — To play an unnecessarily high 

card with an intent to deceive. 
Finesse — ^An attempt to take with a card 

which is neither the best, nor in sequence 

with the best. 
Flag-Flyinc3 — Over bidding a hand to pre- 
vent the opponents from playing it. 
Force — ^To lead a card which will win the 

trick, or compel the opponent to play a 

trump. 



GLOSSARY 83 

Force Discards — ^To lead a suit which com- 
pels one or more players to discard. 
FouRCHETTE — ^The.cards directly above and 

below another card. 
Fourth Best — ^The fourth best card of a suit 

counting from the top. 
Grand Slam — ^All the thirteen tricks won by 

one side. 
Hold Up — ^To refuse to play the best card 

of a suit. 
Interior Card — Having a higher and a 

lower in the suit. 
Lead Through Strength — To lead a suit 

of which the player at your left holds 

high cards. 
Lead Up to Weakness — To lead a suit of 

which the fourth player has no high card. 
Little Slam — ^Twelve of the thirteen tricks 

won by one side. 
Long Suit — ^A suit of four or more cards. 
Odd Trick — ^The first trick over the book of 

six. 
Original Make — ^A declaration of make 

by the Dealer. 



84 AUCTION UP-TO-DATE 

Original Lead — ^The card first led by the 
player at the left of the final maker. 

Plain Suit — ^Any one of the three suits not 
trumps. 

Pone — The partner of the eldest hand. 

Protected Suit — ^Any suit in which you can 
take a trick. 

Quitting — Removing fingers from trick after 
it has been turned down. 

Re-double — ^To double again after an ad- 
versary has doubled. It is sometimes 
spoken of as " going back." 

Rubber — The play of two out of three games. 

Ruff — To trump a trick. 

Reverse Discard — ^To change the original 
meaning of the discard by an echo in the 
suit discarded. 

Revoke — ^To play a card of another suit when 
you hold a card of the suit led. 

Secondary Lead — ^The lead by the original 
leader, directly after he has won the first 
trick. 

Sequence — ^Three or more cards in consecu- 
tive order. 



GLOSSARY 85 

Short Suit — ^A suit of three cards or fewer. 

Singleton — ^The only card of a suit dealt to 
a hand. 

Strong Hand — Usually the maker of the 
trump. 

Ten ACE — A combination of two or more 
cards of one suit from which an inter- 
mediate card is missing. The best and 
third best card of a suit is the major 
tenace, the second and fourth best the 
minor. 

Third Hand — In making the Dealer's part- 
ner. 

Unblock — To rid a hand of any card which 
may interrupt the continuation of the 
partner's suit. 

Weak Hand — ^The partner of the player who 
makes the trump. 

Weak Suits — ^Those in which you hold no 
tricks, or a very improbable trick. 

Yarborough — ^A hand of which all the cards 
are smaller than the ten. 



























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o 


S 


;? 









fc^ 



I .5 o 



So 






o u >. 

ir- 






AUCTION BRIDGE— NEW COUNT 



Honors 

IN TWO 

Hands 


Honors 

IN one 

Hand 


4^ 


* 


♦ 


V 


1 


§, 




3 


3 ■ 


4 


12 


14 


16 


18 




1 30 


4 




8 


24 


28 


32 


36 




1 40 


5 




10 


30 


35 


40 


45 


1 


1 4 


16 


48 


56 


64 


72 


|100 


1 4 


Fifth in 
Partner's 


18 


54 


63 


72 


81 


1 


1 5 


20 


60 


70 


80 


90 


1 


LITTLE 


SLAM. . . . 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 20 20 


GRAND 


SLAM 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 40 40 


CHICANE 


4 


12 


14 


16 


18 


- . , = 


A. 


6 


7 


_8^ 


9 10 10 



